Leukemia Essay -- Health Medical Cancer

Leukemia Leukemia is a disease that affects blood-forming tissues, mainly bone marrow. Leukemia also affects the lymph glands and spleen. Leukemia causes the body to produce an extreme amount of abnormal white blood cells. This causes infections because the abnormal cells cannot stop infections like the normal cells do. Leukemia also causes anemia. Anemia is a disease in which the body makes less blood cells. This happens because the leukemic cells crowd the system. Leukemia also causes excessive bleeding. This happens because the amount of platelets will decrease and clotting will not occur, Researchers think a change in genetic structure causes leukemia. Changes in gene structure could be caused by environmental problems. Some of these problems could be: birth defects, radiation, viruses, and chemicals. Leukemia is not inherited and is not contagious. There are two major types of Leukemia, Lymphocytic and Granulocytic. In Lymphocytic Leukemia white blood cells known as Lymphocytes, which are made in the Lymph glands and bone marrow are abnormal or immature. In Granulocytic Leukemia this causes an increase in white blood cells known as granulocytes. Granulocytes are made in the bone marrow, and other tissue. Granulocytes that are affected by leukemia cannot fight of infections. There are two ways in which leukemia can occur. One is acute, and the other is chronic. Acute leukemia is found most in children. It progresses r...

Cell Bio Lab Report Essay

The purpose of this lab was to test the biological activity of ConA by performing a hemagglutination assay. If ConA is active then agglutination will occur due to ConA’s free receptors being able to bind to the glucose residues on the sheep’s red blood cells. If ConA is not active then no agglutination will occur. To test the hemagglutination reaction, two types of ConA solutions were compared, a purchased control ConA solution in buffer as the positive control, and a purified solution of ConA in buffer previously purified in lab. Each solution was at a 2mg/ml concentration of ConA in ConA buffer, which is necessary for ConA’s biological activity. Two variables were added, Galactose and Mannose, to the ConA solution to compare the effects each had on the hemagglutination reaction. I hypothesize for ConA to be able to agglutinate the red blood cells if in the adequate concentration and if in the presence of Galactose, not Mannose. Mannose will inhibit the ConA fro m binding to the red blood cell’s membrane, preventing agglutination. RESULTS The reaction plate containing the ConA dilutions was incubated over the weekend and resulted in all wells being pink, appearing as if every well had agglutinated. There was a vague outline of the non-agglutinated cells in various wells. The last agglutination was observed at titer 0.0625 (1/16). Agglutination was seen in rows A, B D, and E (row A contained the control ConA, row B contained the control ConA + Galactose, row D contained the sample ConA, and row E contained the sample ConA + Galactose). In the well rows C and F which contained control ConA + Mannose and sample ConA + Mannose, agglutination did not occur at any concentration of ConA. Row G, the negative control appeared to have agglutinated as well as Row H, which contained only ConA buffer. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results did not support my hypothesis for the biological activity of ConA. There are some sources of error that could explain the results obtained. It’s possible there was a problem with either the ConA buffer or the sheep red blood cells to allow for all wells to turn pink and appear agglutinated. Another explanation of the irregular results was there might have been cross contamination from not changing tips when transferring to different ConA concentrations, or if bubbles were introduced while diluting the ConA, making the results difficult to interpret. For wells A, B D, and E as ConA became more diluted or decreased in concentration, it became more difficult for it to effectively crosslink and agglutinate the red blood cells. Well D, the positive control that contained the purchased ConA resulted in agglutination of the first couple wells, then no agglutination as the ConA concentration decreased, similar to Row A. Wells B and E that had the Galacatose additive obtained the same titer of the control ConA because ConA does not bind Galactose. Galactose doesn’t interfere with ConA from binding to the sugar residues on the red blood cells. Mannose on the other hand, is an inhibitor to ConA’s binding sites. The Mannose in solution competed with the ConA and did not allow to bind to the sugar residues on the red blood cells as seen in rows C and F. Row G, the negative control, should have resulted in non-agglutination, similar to the rows containing the Mannose additive. The results observed showed agglutination formed in this row. Lastly, Row H should have shown non-agglutination through out because the well contained only ConA buffer, not ConA protein. In conclusion, the results did not clearly explain the biological activity of ConA with the hemagglutination assay. The experiment contained too many anomalies to get a clear determination of ConA’s functionality post purification. The results did show that a change in the concentration of ConA would alter the strength of the reaction. Also, ConA’s ability to bind to sugar residues can be affected if ConA has to compete or is inhibited to bind to a cells membrane. LITERATURE CITED Cell Biology 3822 Lab Manual, Cell Surface Glycoprotein Receptor Analysis Using Concanavalin A Lab 7. Pearson Learning Solutions. 2012: 147-154. Madeleine Zaechringer. Cell Biology 3822 Analysis of purified ConA via Hemagglutinatino Assay Lab 7: Powerpoint. 2014.

Project On NCO Essay

INTRODUCTION I have worked for the army as an NCO for the last 13 years and I have always tried to be accountable as much as I can, to live up to the standards of this base and carry out all my responsibilities abiding in the set out rules and regulations. As an Non Commissioned Officer I must be empathetic and positive.   And, as always, must set the standard for integrity and character. However in the recent past I found myself on the wrong side of the matter when over speeded in the base. ABSTRACT The script uses a global array to filter, consolidate, and sort the timing violations. The contents of the global array are then presented in a report of consolidated timing violations. There is illustrated a block of an exemplary global array. The global array includes a plurality of records. Each record includes fields for warning type, time of event, data events, setup time limit, hold time limit, amount of violation, time of last warning. Because experience teaches us that there are some people that only learn by stripping them of their funds. There are others that the mere threat of that loss will keep them on the straight and narrow for 20years to come. And the officers that I know that are the biggest benefactors of professional courtesy deliberately disobey laws because they believe they can do so with impunity. A warning isn’t going to do it for them. An example is a Passaic County Sheriff’s Office incident. The Virginia deputy stopped them, advised them of the applicable law, asked them to obey it, and did not cite anyone. Everyone agreed that he was polite in doing this. The guys pulled back onto the highway resumed doing exactly what they were doing before, and then tried to get the deputy fired when they got home. I hereby submit my Post Violation Report due to my misconduct. Over speeding is the main cause of so many accidents in the army base and other areas in the United States of America. I strongly believe that I was not supposed to go against the ethics, rules and regulations in the base. As an NCO am supposed to set out a good example to all other ground men. However in every day world, we sometimes find ourselves in such situations. In most cases it is not due to our own will but we accidentally find ourselves between a rock and a hard place and therefore try to get ourselves out of it. This being the first time I have done this, I know I have not done such a big criminal activity. I never said that I don’t commit traffic violations. I think I’m pretty careful, but I have missed stop signs, exceeded the speed limit, failed to signal a turn, etc., like everyone else. So far, either I have been lucky or my violations were not so flagrant that they merited a stop. But after pushing a patrol car around for 13 years, I have to say that I can’t remember even once forgetting which car I was in, the patrol car or my personal car. And even in the patrol car, if I committed an intentional traffic violation, it was to accomplish some job-related task, like get turned around to chase a violator or in the field and have to ignore some rules to in order to hit the target. It has never occurred to me to try this in the field of work nor in my private missions without a good reason. If your situational awareness is so poor that you can’t remember whether you’re on or off duty or which car you’re driving, your problems go way past an officers’ discretionary decision making, and your head is definitely â€Å"in the clouds.† I think it’s interesting that you claim that you would have no problem with ignoring a lawful direct order from a superior officer, but you would fear retaliation and would decline to take enforcement action on a clear violation of the law if an officer was involved. If this is truly the situation you’re working in, your agency is in serious trouble. Maybe so, but so what? You never had a brain fart, or were on automatic pilot, you unfortunately can’t control all this. I admit however that on several occasion, when driving off duty in my private vehicle I have driven in the midnight hours because I forgot I was driving in my personal vehicle. Missed to obey the signs and instructions to the drivers. I am not advocating for over speeding in any way, and never have advocated for the same, writing every Amy officer you stop. That is just as much an abuse of discretion as not writing anyone who is an NCO. RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN NON COMMISSIONED OFFICER The duties and responsibilities of NCOs has remained the same for quite a longtime.As an NCO I should be responsible for the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Should know where your soldiers live and how to contact them Use the unit to accomplish, as many missions as possible and at all cost never give out volunteer troops. Managing a specific launch vehicle System administration with decision-making authority. Training new Operations Safety Technicians In fact sometimes it has never been a prudent thing to do some of the following: Sending food back to the kitchen. Telling your significant other you have had better. Commenting in front of your boss â€Å"I can find a better job tomorrow!† Dating a co-worker/boss/bosses daughter. At one point I found myself over speeding just because I could not let it go or because I needed to hit some deadlines. Because most of the violations were not all that grave and my impression was that I had a wake-up call from the stop itself. Was I driving safely? Mission accomplished. But the guy that clearly knows what I was doing got me stopped, and who will resume that same activity as soon as we’re done because we thought he had the right to do that, if not a ride in the back seat. As I qualified many times prior, anyone can talk themselves into a ticket. Just because you are military or physician does not mean I don’t run your driving license. I never said that every one of these members gets a pass, I have written military, physicians and other army officers. Here are the facts, I would like to assume that a member of our armed forces is a reasonably decent individual service that few would undertake and regardless of station they deserve my respect and appreciation. Discression is a funny thing. Where you might exercise it, I might not. Where you think me lax, I might think you unnecessarily harsh. Though you are correct in the spirit of your argument, its execution is not so easy. If this were easy, anyone could do it. I made discretionary decisions every day, and I don’t think I was harsh with them. The difference is that I used criteria that were relevant to the situation and that I could defend to anyone that questioned why I had done what I did. You want to bring in criteria of your own choosing that are based on your fears and biases. Overcoming fear and bias is something every one of us has to do in order to be an army officer. , or you get out. I could have shined on any or all of these people, and no one would have known except them and me. As for is Fort Jackson SC cop that I didn’t know was a cop until after I had issued the ticket, he probably deserved a warning, as he was an out-of-towner who was unfamiliar with the intersection and turned left in violation of a posted sign. The cop part of it had nothing to do with whether it was a bad decision or not. One of the sergeants tried to condemn me within the department for comforting another ground officer and that upset me very much. One more thing: say you’re driving around tomorrow in your private vehicle running errands, and you run a red light. No intent to break the law; you just got distracted for a second, make decision without influence, and accept whatever consequences follow your conduct. Some examples where premeditation discretion, in and of itself, doesn’t make sense: there comes a time when you have to attend to an emergency, and here is where our perspectives diverge. All of those applications of premeditated discretion to use your term are enacted pursuant to due process of law and legislation, formulated in compliance with the set out rules and regulations in the base, and is promulgated to the citizenry. As noted above, a large number of substantially contemporaneous timing violations in a particular module can be the result of a single cause. The violation time is the difference between the given speed limit and speed you have exceeded, and is calculated from the limits (setup or hold) and the difference in time between the clock and data events. The first warnings are used by the script to report consolidated information regarding multiple timing violations that occur at a particular module. ACCOUNTABILITY OF AN NCO Senior leaders, must afford these to junior troops: Responsibility, to instill a sense of worth, pride and accomplishment; Authority, to effectively carry out tasks they are responsible for; Accountability, for actions right and wrong; and Assistance, to help junior troops learn from leaders’ experience and expertise. Such actions by leaders are vital to developing junior troops who will be tomorrow’s leaders. Senior leaders must â€Å"coach, teach, mentor and train† subordinates to effectively replace the leaders in the future. EXPECTATIONS Looking at what American military officers expect from their senior NCOs and vice versa. Officers in the U.S. military expect their senior enlisted leaders to be tactically, technically and strategically proficient; to be â€Å"professional beyond reproach†; and to be â€Å"the eyes and the ears for the commander† – the voice of service members and their families. Senior NCO leaders should expect several things from their commanders and carry out the following: Trust and accord respect. Direct and open communication. â€Å"No one has permission to stop me from seeing General Pace These are not a right, but must be earned through consistently professional and proficient actions. Freedom of movement throughout the command. â€Å"You need to tell that commander, ‘Sir, I need to have freedom of moment throughout my area of responsibility. The only way I can advise you is if I see it, Senior U.S. NCOs are empowered in many ways. However, empowerment is not about having power per se, but about influencing junior troops to do the right things. Infact power is not an issue; the big concern is how leaders exercise influence over their subordinates. Maintaining good order A person assigned as an NCO should be responsible for a defined common area within the barracks, e.g., hallways, laundry rooms, dayrooms etc., in writing and post this NCOs name. Conspicuously in the vicinity of the assigned area. This NCO will, at a minimum, be responsible for reporting common area deficiencies to the Battalion R&U NCO. This person will sign for any furnishings and other accountable property located outside of individual soldier rooms. Maintain room assignment rosters for the barracks. Assign soldiers to barracks by requesting that the FMO issue barracks furniture to occupants. Units may appoint a barracks manager or similar person to assist in managing this function. Non-commissioned Officers (NCOs). NCOs have the primary duty of maintaining the health, safety, welfare and discipline of the soldiers assigned to them. These duties extend to: Ensuring that their soldiers have a healthy and safe living environment that complies with the Army values and enhances unit readiness and discipline. NCOs are the key element of command. Presence in the barracks. NCOs may exercise this leadership as common area NCOIC, SDNCO, And CQ. NCOs will also exercise this leadership as first line and higher supervisors of soldier’s Living in the barracks. At a minimum, NCOs will: Conduct inspections IAW Chapter 4 below. Monitor all barracks activities to ensure compliance with the letter of this regulation and the spirit of the Army values. Ensure the barracks are the safe, healthy environment for soldiers and other NCOs. Inspect barracks furnishings for accountability and serviceability. Barracks Commanding Common areas. Assign an NCO to be responsible for a defined common area within the barracks, e.g., hallways, laundry rooms, dayrooms etc., in writing and post this NCO’s name conspicuously in the vicinity of the assigned area. This NCO will, at a minimum, be responsible for reporting common area deficiencies to the Battalion R&U NCO. This person will sign for any furnishings and other accountable property located outside of individual soldier rooms. Maintain room assignment rosters for the barracks. Assign soldiers to barracks by requesting that the FMO issue barracks furniture to occupants. Units may appoint a barracks manager or similar person to assist in managing this function. Supervision Under supervision the NCO is required to motivate and control the following: Counsel soldiers and maintain counseling records. Conduct corrective training when required Keep soldiers informed during their work and events taking place and exercises. Enforcing the equal opportunity program in the forces CONCLUSION As a Non Commissioned officer I understand that by over speeding in the base posed a srious danger to me and also to the other officers on duty. This was actually putting my life at risk. Also as an officer who is supposed to be a good example to my subordinates, I acted in a manner trying to suggest that is not a good example. I strongly  believe that this was a great mistake and am determined to rectify any harm that may have been caused by my misconduct    REFERENCES. Robert Sterling Rush (2006) Non Commissioned Officer Guide Stackpole Books, United States. 2. United States Court of Claims, (1988) Federal Reporter, West Pub. Co 3.Braham Clark Freeman, The American states report,   Ã‚   Published 1895, Bancroft-Whitney Co. Publishers 4.By Lawyers Co-operative, (1905) Lawyers’ Reports Annotated, Publishing Company Lawyers’ Co-operative Pub. Co.

Eating Healthily with a Busy Lifestyle

Comm 1100 – Pergrem Speech 1 – Informative Speech Assignment & Examples Hybrid-Online & Online COMM 1100 Spring 2012 Assignment Basics Speech: Present an extemporaneous informative speech to the class on a topic of your choosing in the format described. Time limits: 3-5 minutes Outline: â€Å"Write† your speech in the form of a detailed outline as discussed. Avoid using complete sentences; use bullet points. Do NOT write out your speech like an English paper.Notes: The outline you create will serve as your speech notes (you may bring these to the front of the room with you). You will need an extra copy for yourself. Visual Aid: A professional, college-level visual aid is required with your presentation. Bibliography/Copies of Sources: Include with your speech outline a printed, properly formatted Works Cited or References page. You may use either MLA or APA style. You must also include actual copies of your research sources (print the webpage, copy the magazine a rticle, etc. hat you use). Vocal Citations & Supporting Material: Include at least 3 vocal citations (â€Å"According to a December 2009 article in the New England Journal of medicine, obesity is the number one heath epidemic of the 21st century†) within your speech. Include at least 3 different types of supporting material (stats, examples, quotes, stories, etc. ) in your speech. Research Sources: Use at least 3 credible and scholarly (if possible) research sources (books, journals, magazines, websites, etc. ) when creating your speech.These are in addition to any personal experience you might have (you can’t count yourself as one of these sources). Turn in: At the time you give your speech, turn in the outline, bibliography and copies of sources with a copy of the â€Å"speech evaluation sheet† on the very top, your name and topic filled in. Staple these items together to make a â€Å"speech packet. † Make an extra copy of the outline to use as your spe ech notes. You may not present your speech without turning in your completed speech packet. Detailed Information What is an informative speech? An informative speech relays information to the audience.The primary goal is to increase the audience’s knowledge, understanding, or awareness of a topic. Informative speeches may: (A) Explain something (explain how to do something, how something is made, how something works, or how something occurs) Example: â€Å"How to Choose the Home Loan That’s Right for You† (B) Describe something (describe what a person, object or event is like) Example: â€Å"A Day in the Life of a Typical Third-Grade Teacher in Georgia† (C) Define something (define, elaborate or clarify a concept) Example: â€Å" What Freedom Means to Me,† or may cover any combination of these objectivesWhat are the objectives of the informative speech assignment (why are we doing this)? To provide an opportunity for practicing presentation skills, to promote the critical thinking skill of being able Comm 1100 – Pergrem to consider/reason from/understand a variety of perspectives oth er than one's own, to encourage informed global citizenship through the presentation process, to promote information competency/literacy. What are the time limits: 3-5 minutes Failure to meet these time guidelines (short or long) will result in a lower evaluation.Consider that you may be nervous so you may speak faster or slower than normal. You should practice and time your speech many times. When is this due? ? See the course syllabus for presentation dates. ? We will begin with volunteers and then I will go by the roll in order until everyone in the class has spoken. Speeches not completed by the time we move on to the next activity will not be heard and will be counted as missed. What do I turn in on speech day? At the time of your speech you will turn in: 1) A printed, stapled, detailed comprehensive/detailed outline of your peech. Fo llow the example provided at the end of this handout. Outlines that do not conform to appropriate outline standards and do not contain appropriate detail will be penalized. 2) A printed, stapled, detailed Works Cited or Reference page in correctly formatted APA or MLA style. Visit the Georgia Highlands Library site for more information/examples of how to cite sources correctly. 3) A Copy (printout or photo copy) of at least the first page of all research source materials used, including copies of webpages, magazine articles, portions of books, etc. ) A blank copy of the speech evaluation form from the course webpage, name and topic filled in. stapled All of these items must be together, evaluation sheet on the very top, with your name on them. If I do not receive all of these items stapled together with your name at them I will NOT li sten to your speech and those points will be lost. I know it sounds picky but please do not paperclip these items or put them in folders, please stapl e them beforehand. I will not have a stapler with me so you will need to staple them at home or bring your own stapler with you.Again, you may not present your speech without your speech packet. What are the research guidelines for this assignment? – Assignment must contain at least 3 credible and (if possible) scholarly research sources in addition to your own expertise (your own personal knowledge does NOT count as one of the 3 sources). – Wikipedia is not an appropriate source, though it can certainly be a starting point for gathering information. Neither is ask. com nor any of those types of websites. Remember, any time you cite statistics, stories, etc. n your speech you must tell us where the information came from (provide vocal citations – cite your sources). For example, â€Å"According to a 2008 study reported recently in National Geographic, forty-percent of the earth’s animals are considered endangered species. † You are required to have at least 3 vocal citations in your speech. What type of visual aid is required? This speech requires a professional looking college-level visual aid. What does that mean? It means a visual aid that one might find in a college class or the professional world.In other words, not a poster that looks as if a third-grader with crayons made it; not simply writing or drawing on the whiteboard; and not merely an object desperately thrown in at the last minute to meet the visual aid requirement. A good visual aid is well thought out/meaningful, large enough to be easily seen by every person in the room, clearly labeled, simple enough that the viewer can easily figure out the point, and is fully Comm 1100 – Pergrem incorporated into the speech – – NOT just tacked on at the end like â€Å"Oh and here's my visual aid.It's a picture of a dog. † What makes a good visual aid? An object can be a good visual aid. For example, I'm talking about par ts of a skateboard and I bring my board in as a model to show to the audience. A picture/chart/graph/drawing, etc. can be a good visual aid. Again, it should be large enough for everyone to see. How can you accomplish this? Enlarge it at Office Depot, Staples, etc. and put it on foam board (much better than poster board). Charts, graphs, etc. should be done on the computer and labels typed, not drawn by hand.Another option is to pass out a copy of our visual to everyone, for example, a National Guard recruitment brochure for everyone in the class to be passed out before you begin your speech. DO NOT PASS STUFF AROUND DURING YOUR SPEECH. This is very distracting for the audience and for you the speaker. And of course you can put graphics into a PowerPoint slideshow or other electronic medium and display them on the screen (you don't have to do a full-blown PowerPoint presentation to put the graphics up). This can be a very good way to get pictures, charts, etc. into a format that everyone can see.How do yo u do it? Create your stuff and then either email it to yourself or save it on a flash drive (do not save it in your student folder). I will have the projector and computer up at the front of the room. You will bring your flash drive up and plug in, or you will pull up your email on the computer and open your PowerPoint from there. NOTE: You cannot login under your name/password on the instructor computer at the front of the room. Therefore, you cannot access your visual aid if you store it in y our student â€Å"folder. † You can, however, access your student email. What about video clips as a visual aid?These are fine as long as they are 20 seconds or less. You must actually speak for three minutes. What if you have a Mac? You must get your Mac stuff into some type of format our windows based machines can read. It will not work to try and plug your Mac into our video system. How should I dress? I am not requiring that you wear dress clothes to present your speech. I am requi ring that you look reasonable and appropriate for a semi -formal classroom presentation: DO NOT wear a hat, DO NOT wear anything that distracts the audience, DO wear reasonabl e clothes that are neat and tidy.For example, your clothes should not look as though you were just mauled by wild animals, that you are auditioning for the adult entertainment industry, that you just finished plowing, that you are about to star in a musi c video, or that you are about to walk onto the playing field for a grudge match. What steps do I take to create a speech? 1. Analyze your audience and your interests, selecting an appropriate, worthwhile, and interesting topic on which you can find adequate research. 2. Develop and design your speech using adequate research material to meet the time limits. Decide upon your main points and sub-points.Be sure to include varied support devices (at least 3 different types) as discussed (stats, stories, examples, compare/contrast, etc). 3. Create your speech usin g a clearly organized structure: a. Use an introduction that includes an attention-getter, thesis, and preview. b. Organize a body that includes main points, supporting ideas, and varied support devices. c. Use transitions. d. Have a conclusion that reviews/summarizes the main points and lets the audience know the presentation is ending (provides closure). 4. Use at least vocal 3 citations as explained. Comm 1100 – Pergrem 5.Use appropriate, visible, professional (college-level), and useful visual aids. Practice using them beforehand. 6. Language/Nonverbal – Work on these elements: eye contact, appropriate gestures and posture, avoiding â€Å"uhs†, rate, volume, articulation, professional yet conversational tone, and appropriate language and grammar. Use correct pronunciation. No gum. Remember the â€Å"3 C’s† of speaking: Strive to appear confident, competent, and conversational. Be enthusiastic. 7. Delivery Style – This is an extemporaneou s speech! DO NOT READ YOUR SPEECH. Do not memorize your speech. You may have notes (your outline) while you present.Notes should be used as support, not as a crutch. Do not write out your speech in complete sentences (this makes you want to read). 8. Practice, practice, and practice. You should practice until you feel as though even if you lost your place you could find it in your notes and keep right on going. 9. Use proper speech etiquette: Turn off cell phones, do not use the computers, do not speak to others during speeches or be inattentive, and do not enter the classroom during a speech. 10. In this class we are here to improve our communication skills, not engage in moral, ethical or political debate over speech content.Disrespect for fellow speakers will not be tolerated. Just because you don’t happen to agree with a speech doesn’t mean it’s a bad speech. However, disrespect for the audience by a speaker will not be tolerated either. No profanity or inap propriate language should be used in speeches. 11. Remember, it is OK to have opinions but don't allow your personal views or emotions to dictate your speech. Find objective information. This is an informative speech. Do not let your feelings get in the way of good research. How will I be graded? A copy of the Speech Evaluation Sheet used for grading will be made available on the class website.I will return your grades via Vista (will take at least a week after presentation are completed). Automatic Point Loss on Speech Grade: ? Incorrect Works Cited or References page – 20 points This is pass/fail. Your works cited is either correct, in which case you lose no points, or incorrect, in which case you lose the entire 20 points. ? Failure to staple materials together – 5 points ? Failure to give your speech on the assigned date without prop er documentation – up to 20 points on your speech grade plus 20 additional points for each class day you do not give your spee ch. Failure to include an appropriate visual aid – 20 points ? Failure to turn in any part of the assignment or incorrectly submitting the assignment – 20 points for each missing item and for each item incorrectly submitted. For example, you only have two research sources instead of three – 20 points off the top of your grade. This is very important! ? You cannot present unless you have your speech packet As you can see, it is possible to lose a large number of points off the top for not following the instructions of the assignment. Follow instructions and keep the points! Comm 1100 – PergremExample Informative Speech Outline See textbook for additional examples, though it writes points out in complete sentences a bit too much â€Å"Eating Healthily With A Busy Lifestyle† Purpose: To inform the audience how to eat healthily on the run Introduction: I. How many of you want to be healthy? How many of you find it a challenge to eat well because you ar e always running somewhere such as from work to school or from school to another activity? Many of us find ourselves in that situation all too frequently and sometimes it just seems too difficult to overcome. (Get attention and establish audience relevance) II.However, with a little thought and planning you can still eat healthily even on the go. Today we will discuss ways you can incorporate healthy eating into your lifestyle. (Thesis) III. Packing a lunch, choosing restaurants wisely, and keeping nutritious snacks on hand are a just a few of the ways you can still manage to eat something wholesome while maintaining a hectic pace. (Preview of points) Transitions: Fully develop and smoothly move through attention-getter to thesis and preview, building upon each Body: I. Pack a lunch for healthy inexpensive choices A. Can choose healthier options than if eating out Statistic: from sources regarding fat and calorie content ; be sure to use vocal cite of source) 1. Turkey sandwich from home vs. turkey sandwich from Arby’s (nutrition breakdown) 2. Canned soup from home vs. a Big Mac B. Usually less expensive than eating out (Compare: Stats regarding cost of taking a lunch vs. cost of eating out) C. Many convenient options available (Examples: ) 1. Pre-cooked, pre-cut chicken, turkey, etc. 2. Fruit cups, apple sauce, etc. 3. Pre-cut veggies D. Can prepare the night before for convenience so easy to eat healthy (Story: how I pack each night to have something healthy to eat for breakfast in the car )Comm 1100 – Pergrem E. Microwaveable frozen healthy dinners are another option (Cite article from Good Housekeeping Magazine regarding the best new frozen dinners) (Examples: ) 1. 2. II. Lean Cuisine – nutrition content Healthy Choice – nutrition content Choose wisely if eating out A. Many restaurants (both fast-food and others) incorporating healthier choices into their menus (Examples: ) 1. Salads – McDonalds, Wendys, others 2. Baked o r grilled entrees 3. Low-carb options 4. Fruits and yogurts B. You can make choices that are healthier when eating out (Examples & Personal Stories: ) 1.Ask to hold the mayo and other fattening sauces 2. Choose broiled or grilled instead of fried 3. Leave off the French-fries and opt for a healthier side or none at all C. Some restaurants geared toward healthy eating (Examples: ) 1. Subway (Quote: regarding Subway’s commitment to healthy menu choices) 2. Sweet Tomatoes III. Keep healthy snacks easily accessible (in the car, etc. ) to stave off hunger (Examples: ) A. Fruit B. Low fat yogurt smoothies (also a good breakfast on the go) C. Whole grain cereal bars D. Water – lots of it E. Nuts Comm 1100 – Pergrem Conclusion: I.Today we have looked at various options for eating healthily on the go. We have learned how packing a lunch, choosing a restaurant and entree wisely, and keeping nutritious snacks on hand can all contribute to better eating habits even with a b usy lifestyle. (Summary of main points) II. The next time you think about heading to the drive-thru to order that burger and fries consider this: with just a little planning you can enjoy a meal that’s delicious AND healthy so that YOU don’t end up super -sized. (Provide closure) Comm 1100 – Pergrem Parts of a Speech Outline – Informative Speech (Use this as a guide when creating your outline)Topic/Name: Topic/Name of your speech Purpose: â€Å"To inform the audience . . . . . † (This is for your benefit so that you can craft a speech around your purpose. You do not read this section to the audience). Introduction: (Show relevance to the audience during this section) I. II. III. Attention-getter: story, actual or rhetorical question, quote, surprising fact or statistic, etc. Thesis statement: the main point or idea of your speech Preview of Main Points: Preview your upcoming main points Be sure to transition smoothly from attn-getter, to thesis & p review of main points, to the body (Main Point 1).Continue to use transitions to move smoothly from one point to the next and on to the conclusion. Body: I. Main Point 1 A. Supporting Ideas/Subtopic of Main Point 1 B. Supporting Ideas/Subtopic of Main Point 1 – These are backed up by Supporting Material: definition, statistics, example, illustration/story, testimony, compare/contrast. Use vocal citations when appropriate. Transition. II. Main Point 2 A. Supporting Ideas/Subtopic of Main Point 2 1. Additional supporting ideas 2. Additional supporting ideas B. Supporting Ideas/Subtopic of Main Point 2 1. Additional supporting ideas 2. Additional supporting ideas These are backed up by Supporting Material: definition, statistics, example, illustration/story, testimony, compare/contrast. Use vocal citations when appropriate. Transition. III. Main Point 3 A. Supporting Ideas/Subtopic of Main Point 3 B. Supporting Ideas/Subtopic of Main Point 3 – These are backed up by Suppo rting Material: definition, statistics, example, illustration/story, testimony, compare/contrast. Use vocal citations when appropriate. Conclusion: I. II. Summarize Main Points: Provide closure (closing statement, quote, story, etc. ): Comm 1100 – Pergrem Check List for Speech Day Printed comprehensive outline ? Printed works cited or bibliography page, correctly done ? Printed out actual copies of research sources (web pages, magazine articles, etc. ) ? Printed out the speech 1 evaluation sheet with name and topic completed ? Stapled all of the above together with evaluation sheet on top ? Visual aid (fully incorporated into speech) ? Practiced so that speech is within time limits and to the extent that I feel comfortable looking down and my outline and continuing should I lose my place. ? Practiced using a competent, conversational tone, not reading, and looking at audience

Operation management tma worksheet

Second, Hazelwood has made investments in plant; they build a manufacture in London with 1 million productions of sandwiches per week but when they invest more by building Manton Wood they produce more by 3 million sandwiches. Also with new powerful machines, they could reduce the human resources costs because fewer tasks need to be done . Also the stock levels will be reduced so that this will be successful for the company.Third reasons lead Hazelwood Sandwiches to make investments in the product that customers are looking for quality, different types of Sandwich to compare it when they are abroad, So Hazelwood try to provide a high quality, healthy and delicious sandwiches in order to meet the customer demand. In addition providing different types of sandwiches to satisfy all types of tastes and modify old items or create new ones. Over all, there are many other reasons that lead Hazelwood to made capital investment . ln fact they are trying to gain competitive advantage to maximiz e the wealth of owners.They use different techniques to evaluate the investment opportunities, and then choose the best project. Moreover, Hazelwood maintain a brand name because of its sandwiches, Actually every company should investment in people, product and plant. Question 2 Hazelwood's investment decision techniques Investment decisions are important for the growth of the business because an investment includes financial resources for purchasing assets such building or equipment's which will bring economic benefit for the company. Those decisions are difficult and expensive to refuse once it has been ventured.Actually Hazelwood's uses various capital investment appraisal techniques to measure which project is more profitable. First method is Payback period which is the length of time that the investment takes to pay back the net cash inflows form the project. Projects will be selected according to the period the business sets and the shorter ones are preferred. The advantages o f this method that it's easy and quick to calculate or understood by users, avoiding risks and its good for the startup business to calculate the time needed to prepay the original investment.The disadvantages are that it onsiders about the time not the value of money, the relevant information such as the cash flows beyond the payback period are ignored and it doesn't consider maximizing the wealth of owners because it looks for the short project periods while longer beneficial project might be ignored. The second is Net Present Value includes all the money of an investment; It calculates the benefits from the investment against all the costs of this investment with allowance for the timing of them. The rule is to choose the project with the higher value and the positive ones not the negative ones.For its advantages, it considers about the objects of the business, maximizing the profits, it takes all the relevant cash flows in account and the timing of cash flow. For the disadvantag es, there are some risks for example a machine doesn't works, or that interests may lost in investment, also the problems of inflation which consider the loss in the purchasing power of money. The third is the Accounting Rate of Return which calculates the average operating profits over the average investment to earn those profits in the form of percentage.It's about achieving the target with higher ARR projects. The advantages that it represents a percentage and it consider the performance before it has performed. The disadvantages about using the accounting profits to measure the performance over the life of product, also different sizes of investments competing and using of average investment cause problems. Over all, those are the three investment decision techniques that Hazelwood uses in evaluation the investment opportunities.Each method ranks projects according to some compared features. With those techniques the most profitable project will be chosen. Question 3 Invest in p eople Investing in workforces is the lifeblood for any business, actually it's important to make investments in human resources because they are the main role of the business and attects it pertormance. Also well trained and experienced employees give advantage for the company because they are the workforce that a control the process in which the business operates.So the company should ensure that their employees are well trained, motivated and loyalty to their Jobs. Additionally maintain the satisfaction of the employee will raise the employee performance and focus to achieve the business objectives. Also this will improves their skills in doing the tasks. On one hand, Hazelwood provides flexible working environment: include the induction program which introduced the new employee to the organization and to its role, also programs that make the new employees feel they are a part of the team.Second, Family-friendly HR practices to understand the employee's circumstances such as the w orking hours for the mothers to look for their families and offers a paid time off for pregnant women's. Third, providing training and development opportunities which will enhance the commitment and improve the skills in doing the asks as fast as possible, also opportunities to take National Vocational Qualifications relevant to the food industry. Hazelwood try to provide facilities in the Job environment by providing gyms, hair dressers, shops, restaurants and cleaning services.In addition, the employee's expectations about the nature of work should be met. On the other hand, Hazelwood plain and monitor the performance of its employees to give them reward packages for their high performance. With those methods Hazelwood achieved to be the employee's brand that it's the choice of the employees because they know how to take care of their employees offer them good ay packages. As a result, Hazelwood decreases the labour turnover and reduces the levels of absenteeism also the costs of recruitment.Beside of Hazelwood there are other companies that invest in people in such as the National Bank of Kuwait; they believe that investing in people will benefit them in future. Actually 1800 Kuwaitis has been trained in 2012 and it will always provide training and developments opportunities to encourage their employees. Also ZAIN Company provides programs of training such as ongoing coaching, sending employees outside to complete their high education and induction. Last but not least T;D Team provides training and developments for the employees in order to improved their skills, performance and knowledge.Question 4 Workforce greatest assets For all businesses workforces are the role assets; In fact they are the people who achieve the company objectives. They should be looking after them starting from the managers, suppliers, employers, employee and all of them. Actually investing in people adds value to the organization especially for innovation companies such as Google be cause they rely on the experience of their human resources rather than nything else. The importance of workforces has different points of view. First the HRM function perspective which considers about managing people and carrying out their activities.It's responsible for ensuring that the people are in their right places with right skills by recruiting, selecting, developing and monitoring. HR believes that people performance affects the business performance so they provide training and development opportunities to maximize their performance. Also monitor the performance to ensure that they are on the right track and provides them with feedback. Moreover they provide reward systems to encourage them to achieve their targets and make sure that they are satisfied, motivated, appreciated and loyal to their Jobs.Moreover, this will build the organization's reputation as a social, ethical and responsible organization in order to gain a competitive advantage. Second the accounting functio n which considers about the financial accepts of the business. To achieve the HR function activities, the business should be able to afford the costs associated with those activities. Here the workforces are important because they guarantee bringing money to the business. But before going a step the business should think of the investment returns and risks.As if sending an employee to take English courses, how much of benefits this will bring in the future benefits. Moreover developing the skills of employees will raise the production levels as they have experience, finish the tasks on time and do it perfectly . So they will be able to develop or create new products or advanced technology. Also maintaining a positive reputation that will help them to raise money in the market and the financial advisors will advise the investors to invest in the business. Additionally, the company will gain a brand name which will decrease the costs of recruitment and advertising.

What Factors Motivate Employees

What is the most important thing that can motivate employees With the rapid development of economic globalization, efficiency and quality determine the future of a firm. The fundamental factor, which determines the fortune of a firm, is employee, because if employees perform well and work efficiently, productivity will be considerably improved and large quantities of profits will be made. The increasing number of managers has realized the fact that employees are playing vital roles in development of a firm. Consequently, appropriate measures are being taken to enhance the motivation of employees.Some people believe that adequate salary is the most important thing that can motivate employees, while more people hold the different view that other factors such as equal statue, achievable goals and appreciation have more positive influences on enhancing motivation. An abundance of evidence illustrates that job satisfaction, instead of salary, is the most significant thing in motivating em ployees. This essay will discuss three factors that of vital importance on ensuring job satisfaction, including fulfillment of requirements, closed relationship between employees and managers as well as flexible working schedules.Different people have individual requirements, which lead to different goals of working. As soon as achieving individual working goals and requirements, employees will be satisfied with jobs, and then be motivated. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, individual requirements can be divided into five levels. These levels can be generally divided into two parts: material requirements and psychological requirements. The fulfillment of psychological needs has longstanding effects on employees than meeting material needs.Certainly, conducting proper mental compensation program is beneficial for satisfying employees’ increasing requirements in psychology. For, example, Tesco enable each worker to express suggestions on the working freely , through which not only working conditions will be improved but also employees will feel valued (The Times, 2010). In addition, opportunities of career training are necessary for achieving mental satisfaction. In order to adjust to the society which is full of challenges and competition, employees require adequate training to develop personal skills and then obtain a sense of achievement and advancement.Meanwhile, according to equity theory and expectancy theory, in order to reach the best consequence, the following two principles ought to be taken. One is that mental rewards are determined by individual performance and contributions. Employees who have high performance and tremendous contributions will earn more praise or working condition improvement than those who have poor performance and few contributions. The other principle is that rewards are achievable for the majority. Different employees differ from one another in working ability and potentiality.As a consequence, levels of goals with suitable ranks of mental compensation should be fit for individuals (Madura, 2008). Therefore, fulfillment of individual requirements can exert considerable effects on motivating employees. Some groups of people are fond of making friends. No matter which countries others come from, if they have the same interest to share with or the same topic to discuss with, they will feel close to each other. For these groups of people, relationship between managers and employees is the most important factor that affects motivation.Open-book management, in which employees are capable to play the leading role of the firm by participating in making decisions, is a successful practice of ‘relationship motivation theory ’. Before production decisions are eventually made, decision makers need to consider about almost all aspects of production, such as the cost of raw material, time arrangement, target customers and some possible problems in production process, because each decision is closely related to individual profits(Madura, 2008).Giving employees opportunities of comprehensive consideration will not only create more profits for firms, but also develop an equal relationship between managers and employees. If employees feel being paid attention to, they will be willing to spare no efforts to the firm. In addition to equality, intimated relationship is also necessary. Managers ought to care about employees’ emotional variations, which may result from family problems or mental health, and have more communication with employees, like having lunch together and offering some comfort by simple words.If employees believe that they are working with friends instead of leaders, motivation will be increased. Flexible working schedule has positive association with job motivation. According to Pink’s research, if employees complete tasks ahead of deadline and guarantee high quality, an abundance of free time will be spared for family and self-im provement (Pink, 2009). Furthermore, Hawthorne’s experiment on the relationship between break time and productivity demonstrates that regular break with appropriate length leads to sharp increase in productivity (Madura, 2008).The reason is that flexible schedule which provides employees with large amounts of free time to accompany children produce positive psychological reactions and these reactions contribute directly to motivation. Therefore, variable time arrangement is the top motivator. Some young employees claim that salary which covers daily expenses is the most critical factor that forces them to work for long time, meanwhile, the amounts of salary can directly reflect the consequence of hard working and devotion.However, these groups of people just take their own needs into account instead of considering about various requests of different people. Salary will just satisfy a small part of employees whose goals is making money. Salary, a fixed amount of money that bei ng paid monthly or annually (MacMillan, 2007, p. 1313), is called based pay, which can stimulate employees to some degrees. However, Herzberg’s job satisfaction study demonstrates that sufficient salary can just prevent employees from dissatisfaction, which means increasing salary is not the most efficient method to obtain high satisfaction (Madura, 2008).Personal total income consists of based pay and reward pay, and the initial motivator is the later, as it has vital impacts on employees’ psychological satisfaction with present jobs (Wiley, 1997). Despite the fact that salary is a useful motivator for some groups of employees, the majority of employees will not gain high satisfaction purely through increasing salary. In conclusion, salary is not of the top motivator in contemporary society, as the vital motivating factors are diversified in various social groups.The fulfillment of physiological and psychological requirements through appropriate equal and achievable c ompensation program, the maintenance of close relationship between managers and employees as well as flexible working schedule, which play critical role in enhance job satisfaction, exert more significant influence on motivating employees than simply increase of salary. If all of these motivational factors work together, a promising future will be exposed to both human beings and the society. Reference: Madura, J. (2008) Introduction to Business. 4th ed. Beijing: Post & Telecom Press.Macmillan English Dictionary (2007, p. 1313). Malaysia: Macmillan Publishers. Pink, D. (2009) Dan Pink on the surprising science of motivation [online video] Available from: http://www. ted. com/talks/dan_pink_on_motivation. html. (Accessed 25 April 2011). The Times 100 (2010) Motivation Theory in Practice at Tesco. Available from: http://www. thetimes100. co. uk/download-tesco-edition-15-full-case-study_132_396_1168 (Accessed 25 April 2011) Wiley, C. (1997) ‘What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys’, International Journal of Manpower, 18(3), pp. 263-280

The Passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Passage - Essay Example Today the  platoon  was to  mount  a celebratory parachute display in the Valley of Jezebel. He entered the washroom and, while he waited for a free mirror, brushed his teeth, and though, of pretty girls. In an hour and a half, the preparations would be  complete, and the  platoon  would be  airborne, on its way to its destination. Throngs of  excited  civilians would be waiting for them to  jump, and the girls would be there, too. The drop would take place just outside  Nof  Harish, the kibbutz that was Gideon’s home, where he  had been born  and brought up until the  day  he joined the army. The moment his feet touched the ground, the children of the kibbutz would close around him and  jump  all over him and  shout, â€Å"Gideon, look, here’s our Gideon!† The writer composed the  passage  by describing the  scene  and his thoughts of the main character. The  writer  gives us a  detailed  visual  pictureà ‚  of a boy and includes details of his movements from room to room. The writer describes the thoughts of the boy and what he anticipated.  Every sentence seemed as if the writer was a  true  witness of the actions of the boy, or thoughts of  anticipation  by the boy as seen through the eyes of a narrator.  It  is written  as if the narrator of a  play  was speaking. Without reading the  entire  story, I can conclude that the passage is most likely extracted from  heroic  tale. ... The writer decided to  add  details of the main characters surrounding his thoughts and his hopes. The writer decides to mislead the reader into thinking the boy would be successful as his thoughts are positive. For example, the writer wrote the following: â€Å"Would be complete and the platoon would be airborne, on its way to its destination.† The writer describes a soldier who is  happy  for this day. The writer includes details such as the venue of Independence Day, who will be there and how people will react. In this way, the writer describes the boy’s  character. Later in the story, we realized that this is not what occurred. Instead, the writer wants the reader to believe in the optimism from the main character at the end of this passage. The writer does not  describe  the  character  as a patriot for his country. He  is described  in a way that makes the reader presume that the  character  is doing things for fame and glory from his fam ily, the children of the kibbutz and women. This  character  (soldier) is thinking about his parents, children and women and not what he aspires than to be a hero. The writer conveys this by describing what the  character  is thinking and envisioning. Grammatical and  rhetorical  elements seen in this  passage  are personification. For instance, â€Å"eucalyptus trees and clustering notices commending tidiness and  discipline†.  In this sentence, the  writer  is setting a  scene  of a military base in a way that even the trees are  tidy  and disciplined just like soldiers.  The  writer  also describes everyone including the civilians. He does not just write â€Å"Civilians would be waiting,† instead, the writer writes,